Function call operator result T::operator()(args); Any number of arguments, overloadable Exception: function call operator may have default arguments We may use an object as if it were a function T ob; ob(); we use it - when there is no appropriate operator, that we needed - there is a domi...
Order of constructor calling Constructors 1. base class (classes in order of declaration) 2. class members in order of declaration 3. constructor's body Object class members (and base classes), if not initialized in the initialization list, are actually initialized twice: 1. by the default cons...
Types stronger type control (compared to C) - to permit error detection by the compiler automatic type conversions - when it does not lead to ambiguity whenever it is possible, no precision or information is lost; not guaranteed for all conversions: char/short/int/long/single/float/double/sig...
Why to learn C++ More scalable than C - project size - number of programmers Reuse code written by you and others - many libraries available Many tools and other languages are based on C++ It has become a standard ...
Associativity assignment and unary operators are of right associativity a=b=c is equivalent to a=(b=c) remaining ones are of left associativity a+b+c is equivalent to (a+b)+c ...
Class in programming Class in programming — generalized type defined by the programmer used for defining objects (generalized variables) provides programmer with new possibilities a class should clearly represent specific concept, idea, or real-life being, that has not been yet described by...
Class members access rules private: private members accessible for methods of this class, for methods and functions declared as friends In a class, all members are private by default public: public members accessible from outside the class In a struct, all members are public by default protec...
Classes and Abstract Data Types classes are suitable for implementing Abstract Data Types classes are Abstract Data Types We define an interface - we do not care how the methods are implemented - details are separated from the class interface (hermetization) Examples - stack, queue, point, ...
const and pointers pointer to const: const char *pc=”asdf” (or: char const *pc=”asdf”) const pointer: char * const cp=”asdcf”; const pointer to const: const char * const cpc=”asdcf”; mistakes: pc[1]='2'; cp++; cpc[1]='b'; cpc--; it is co...
Const named constants - replace #defined C constants const five = 5; void foo(const int con_i); consts - regular variables, with address, size, operators, but not to be modified const prevents programmer from mistakes use of consts permits optimization by a compiler ...
